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Exceptions & Error Handling

Try/catch/finally, custom exceptions, error reporting levels, and best practices.

Try/Catch/Finally

try {
    \$result = riskyOperation();
    if (\$result === false) {
        throw new RuntimeException("Operation failed");
    }
} catch (RuntimeException \$e) {
    echo "Error: " . \$e->getMessage();
} catch (LogicException \$e) {
    // Another exception type
} finally {
    // Always executed
    cleanup();
}

Custom Exceptions

class ValidationException extends RuntimeException {
    public function __construct(
        string \$message,
        private array \$errors = [],
        int \$code = 422,
        ?Throwable \$previous = null,
    ) {
        parent::__construct(\$message, \$code, \$previous);
    }
    public function getErrors(): array {
        return \$this->errors;
    }
}

Multiple Catch

PHP 8.0+ supports catching multiple exceptions in one block: catch (A | B \$e)

Examples

<?php
function divide(float $a, float $b): float {
    if ($b === 0.0) {
        throw new InvalidArgumentException('Division by zero');
    }
    return $a / $b;
}
try {
    echo divide(10, 0);
} catch (InvalidArgumentException $e) {
    echo 'Caught: ' . $e->getMessage();
}

Table of Contents

Related Lessons

Exceptions & Error Handling

Try/Catch/Finally

Custom Exceptions

Multiple Catch

Examples

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