Eloquent Scopes & Querying

Local Scopes

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;

class User extends Model
{
    public function scopeActive(Builder $query): void
    {
        $query->where("is_active", true);
    }

    public function scopeByRole(Builder $query, string $role): void
    {
        $query->whereHas("roles", fn($q) => $q->where("name", $role));
    }

    public function scopeRecentlyOnline(Builder $query): void
    {
        $query->where("last_active_at", ">=", now()->subMinutes(5));
    }
}

// Usage
$admins = User::active()->byRole("admin")->get();
$online = User::recentlyOnline()->get();

Global Scopes

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Attributes\ScopedBy;

#[ScopedBy([ActiveScope::class])]
class User extends Model { }

// Or in booted()
protected static function booted(): void
{
    static::addGlobalScope("active", function (Builder $builder) {
        $builder->where("is_active", true);
    });
}

Advanced Where Clauses

// Where in relation exists
$users = User::whereHas("posts", fn($q) => $q->where("is_published", true))->get();

// Where in relation missing
$users = User::whereDoesntHave("posts")->get();

// Nested where
$items = Post::where(function (Builder $q) {
    $q->where("title", "like", "%Laravel%")
      ->orWhere("body", "like", "%Laravel%");
})->get();

// Laravel 13: whereAny
$items = Post::whereAny(["title", "body"], "like", "%Laravel%")->get();